What is TCP/IP Model and why we use?

TCP/IP MODEL

TCP/IP MODEL ke bare mai jane se pahle apko OSI Model ke bare mai jana jaruri hai. Kyoki OSI Model ke bare mai agar apko nahi pata hoga tab aap ise nahi samjh sakte hai. Jaise ki humne apko btaya hai ki OSI MODEL mai 7 layers hoti hai

Aise hi TCP/IP MODEL mai 4 layers hoti hai. Lekin OSI MODEL or TCP/IP ek hi tarah apna kaam karte hai. Iska ka pura naam Transmission control protocol/Internet protocol Model hota hai. 

TCP/IP MODEL mai OSI MODEL ki hi 7 layers ko 4 layers mai convert kiya gaya hai. OSI MODEL main kuch kamiyo ki vjh se TCP/IP ko bnaya gaya hai 

yeh MODEL end to end communication karne ke liye kiya jata hai. Ise 1970 ke dashak mai bnaya gaya tha. Chaliye TCP/IP MODEL ki layers ke bare mai jante hai

Working of TCP/IP Model

TCP/IP MODEL Layers

Application Layer

Transport Layer

Internet Layer

Network access layer

Application Layer

Yeh TCP/IP or OSI MODEL mai main fark OSI MODEL ki Application Layer , Presentation layer or Session layer milkar jo kaam karti hai. Vahi kaam TCP/IP ki Application Layer akele karti hai.

Application Layer par hi Application, or data ko generfie or sath hi session ko start karna or use band karna teno kaam isi layer par hote hai. Telnet, smtp, ftp jaise Protocol Application Layer par apna kaam karte hai.

Transport layer

Transport layer ko TCP/IP ki dusri layer mana jata hai. Yeh layer Application layer or Internet Layer ke bich communication karne ke liye use ki jati hai. Transport layer ke do main Protocol hote hai jin par transport layer apna kaam karti hai.

TCP( Transmission control protocol)

UDP(user datagram protocol)

Transport layer par yeh bhi define hota hai ki data ek hi raste se bhejna hai ya kisi dusre raste se or sath hi data ko alag alag bhag mai banta jata hai taki data sahi tarike se pahuchya ja sake

Internet Layer

Yeh Layer OSI MODEL ki usi layer par apna kaam karti hai. Jaise Network layer apna kaam karti hai. Iske bare mai apko OSI MODEL mai btaya gaya hai.

Internet layer par Internet Protocol ki sahayta se kaam hota hai. Internet layer par routing karne jaise kaam bhi hote hai. Yeh layer packet ke ane jane ka dhyan rakhti hai. Internet layer par Ip Address, ARP , RRP Protocol ka use kiya jata hai

Network access layer

Network access Layer TCP/IP ki last layer hoti hai. OSI MODEL ki 1st layer physical layer or 2nd layer data link layer ko milakr Network access layer ko bnaya gaya hai.

Jo kaam Physical layer or data link layer karti hai. Dono layer ka kaam Network access layer akeli karti hai. Is layer par mac address or data ko 0 or 1 ke form mai badlne ka kaam kiya jata hai. Network access layer mai packets ko wires ke through destination tak pahuchaya jata hai

Port Numbers

Yaha apko ports ki achi jankari honi chahiye. Kyoki yeh sabhi services kisi na kisi port par hi kaam karti hai. Port unhe kaha jata hai jin par kisi computer par run hone vali services kaam karti hai.

Port numbers ke bina koi bhi services kabhi apna kaam nahi kar sakti hai. Ethical Hacking mai bhi in ports ka kafi important hota hai.

Yaha sabhi ports ko bta pana mushkil hai. Lekin hum apko kuch ports ke bare mai jankari denge jikna jada use hota hai.

Port                              Protocols

20,21                       FTP,File transfer Protocol

22                                 SSH

23                                 Telnet 

25               SMTP Simple mail transfer protocol  

70                                 Gopher          

80                                 HTTP

101                                Hostname        

110                         POP Post office Protocol

137,138                            NetBios

143                                Imap 

443                                HTTPS

520              RIP Rounting Information Protocol     

546,547                            DHCP v6

The Conclusion

Main umeed karta hu ki apko TCP/IP MODEL or iski ki layers ke bare main jankari mil gayi hogi. TCP/IP ko achi trh se smjhne ke liye apko OSI MODEL ko smjhna jaruri hai.

Isliye aap link par click karke pahle OSI Model ke bare mai padh sakte hai, OSI MODEL ki trh hi yeh apna kaam karta hai.

Dono mai fark itna hai ki OSI MODEL ki 7 layers hoti hai. Jab ki TCP/IP Model ki 4 layers hoti hai. Agar apka kisi bhi tarh ka koi question hai to aap comment box mai puch sakte hai.

Thankyou