IP Address
Aaj is article mai apko What is IP Address or Classes of IP Address ke bare mai detail mai btaya jaygaa. Apne kabhi na kabhi iska naam jarur suna hoga.
Lekin iski importance bahut kam logo ko pata hoti hai. Ek Normal user ko itna hi pata hota hai. Har device ka IP Address hota hai lekin kyu hota hai iske bare mai nahi pata hota hai.
yeh har ek device ka unique address hota hai. Jaise hum humans mai jab hum kisi ko uske naam se bulate hai to veh person samjh pata hai ki mujhe bulaya gaya hai. Aise hi Internet par har device ka ek unique naam hota hai. Jise us device ko yeh pata chal pata hai ki use bulaya gaya ha.
Yaha IP ko Internet Protocol kaha jata hai. Yeh 32-bit ka logical address hota hai. yeh sabhi devices ka unique hota hai . J
aise hi aapka koi bhi device internet se connect hota hai. Apka ISP Provider ke through apke device ko ek unique address automatically mil jata hai .
Example – 192.168.1.25 yaha 192 ko first octet kehta hai. 168 ko second octet kehta hai. 1 ko gateway ka address kaha jata hai or 25 ko series kaha jata hai. Jisme 0-255 tak kisi network mai apke device ko koi bhi number mil sakta hai.
Classes of IP Address
Iski 5 classes hoti hai in sabhi classes ka use alag alag jagah or alag alag tarike se kiya jata hai. Apko in sabhi ke bare mai detail mai niche btaya gaya hai.
Class A, Class B ,Class C,Class D,Class E
A ke IP governments ke liye reserved ki gyi hai. Class A mai 8-bit ka Network Id hota hai or 24-bit ka host address hota hai.
Jaise agar IP Address 192.168.1.145 hota hai to yaha 192 network id ke liye use hota hai or baki host address ke liye use kiya jata hai.
Iski range 0 to 127 tak ki hoti hai . Class A mai apko host addresses 16,777,216 mil jate hai or 128 network addresses apko mil jate hai
Exceptions in Class A IP Address
0.0.0.0 0.255.255.255
127.0.0.0 127.255.255.255
Class B ke IP mai 16-bit Network ke liye hote hai or 16-bit Host address ke liye hote hai. B ke IP Address medium companies ke liye reserved hote hai. Class B mai 65534 IP Addresses available hote hai.
Exceptions in Class B IP Address
128.0.0.0 191.255.255.255
169.254.x.x yeh IP Address ki range apipa ke liye reserve rehti hai. Is range mai se kisi Network mai host computer automatically le lete hai .
Yeh range ka IP Address host ko tab milta hai. Jab kisi bhi DHCP Server ke through ip Address host ko nahi mil pata hai. DHCP Server ke bare mai apko age btaya jayga.
Class C IP Address small companies ke liye reserved hoti hai. Isme apko 24-bit network id milti hai or 8-bit host address milta hai. Yeh class sabse jada use hoti hai. Class C IP Address mai 256 host address hote hai.
Exceptions in Class C IP Address
192.0.0.0 223.255.255.255
Class D multicasting IP Address ke liye reserved rehti hai . Multicasting mai aap one to many communication asani se kar sakte hai. Iski pahli 4-bit hmesha 1110 rehti hai. Jo kabhi change nahi hoti hai .
Yeh IP Addresses CCNA mai jad use kiye jate hai. Jaise OSPF Routers inka use karte hai. EIGRP Protocol mai inka use kiya jata hai. RIP Version 2 bhi inka use karte hai inke bare mai aapko CCNA mai bta diya jayga.
Exceptions in Class D IP Address
224.0.0.0 239.255.255.255
Class E future ke liye reserved rehte hai. kyokii agar future mai hume kabhi IP ki kami lagti hai. Aise mai Class E ka use kiya ja sakta hai. iski range 240 to 255 tak ki hoti hai
Subnet Mask
Kisi bhi tarah ke IP Address mai jitne bit Network ke liye reserved hoti hai. Use Subnet Mask kaha jata hai.
Jaise Class A mai 8-bit Network ke liye hote hai to us 8-bit ko Class A ka subnet Mask kaha jata hai. Aise hi Class b mai 16-bit Network ke liye hoti hai tab aise mai 16-bit Subnet mask kehlati hai.
Default subnet Mask
Static IP
Static IP ka use aise device par kiya jata hai. Jaha ek IP ko fixed rakhna hota hai . Yeh bar bar nahi change kiya jata hai or ise manually configure karna hota hai.
Jaise kisi server ko jab IP Address dena hota hai. Tab yeh Static IP ka use kiya jata hai or manually configure kiya jata hai.
Dynamic IP
Yeh IP DHCP Server ke through kisi host ko provide kiya jata hai. DHCP Server hota hai jo kisi network mai automatically Devices ko IP assign karta hai.
DHCP ka pura naam Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol hota hai. Yeh kisi host ko automatically hi provide ho jata hai.
Types of IP Address
Unicast Address
Isme one to one communication hota hai. Yeh sabse jada use kiya jane vala communication hota hai.
Isme ek host se kisi dusre host se communication kiya jata hai. Class A, Class B or Class C ke IP Unicast ka use karte hai. Jaise 192.168.1.20 yeh ek unicast IP hota hai.
Multicast Address
Isme to many communication kiya jata hai. Yeh Class D ke IP ka use karte hai jaise ki apko btaya gaya hai. Class D mai 224.0.0.1 vale IP hote hai. Jinka use Multicasting ke liye kiya jata hai. Inke ilava bhi kuch IP Reserved hote hai.
Jinke bare mai apko btaya gaya hai. Veh bhi Multicasting ka hi use karte hai. Jaha ek host ko bahut sare hosts ke sath communication karna hota hai. Vaha par Multicasting ka use kiya jata hai.
Broadcast Address
Isme one to all communication kiya jata hai. Jaise jaha ek network mai bahut sare devices hai or ik host ko sabhi host par data sent karna hota hai.
Aise mai Broadcast IP ka use kiya jata hai. Broadcast IP mai 172.16.255.255 ki series ke IP ka use kiya jata hai.
Special IP Address
Private Address
Private IP veh hote hai jo kisi network mai use hote hai or public internet se connect bhi nahi hote hai. Jaise apne dekha hoga kisi computer lab mai ek computer ko server bnate hai or baki sabhi computer server computer ko bina internet ke access kar pate hai.
Aisa inhi Private IP ki vajah se hota hai. Kyoki sabhi Host Computers ko Private IP assign kiya gaya hota hai . Server kaise bnaya jata hai. Yeh apko age MCSA ki classes mai bata diya jayga.
Public IP
Yeh ek unique IP hota hai jo sabhi Company ke ISP ka hota hai . Internet par yahi Public IP se hi apki pehchan ki jati hai. Apke Computer ka host IP kbhi nhi jata hai.
Kisi server par apka Public IP show hota hai. Aap bahut asani se Public IP ka pata laga sakte hai. Apko bas Google par what is my IP ya My Ip likhna hoga apko Public IP Show ho jayga WhatismyIp
Loop-back Address
Loop-back address ka use local server bnane ke liye kiya jata hai. Jise local host address bhi kaha jata hai. Vaha is IP ko assign kiya jata hai.
Yeh apko PHP ki classess mai bata diya jayga kaise localhost server bnaya jata hai . Isme apka host computer ko kisi bhi tarah se internet connection ki jarurt nahi hoti hai.
Aap kisi website ko apne localhost server par offline run kar sakte hai. Yeh 127.0.0.1 IP hota hai jise Loop-back address bhi kaha jata hai.
Link-Local Address
Iske bare mai apko upar btaya gaya hai. Aab aap yahi soch rahe honge ki kaha apko APIPA ke bare mai btaya gaya hai. Class B ke IP APIPA ke liye reserve hota hai use Link-local bhi kaha jata hai. APIPA ka pura naam Automatic Private IP Addressing hota hai. APIPA ki range 169.254.1.0 se lekar 169.254.254.255 tak ki hoti hai.
IP Version 6 Address
IPv6 latest version hai. Yeh 128-bit ka address hota hai. Jab ki ipv4 32-bit ka hota hai. Iska use dhere dhere sabhi jagah ho raha hai.
Isme 64 bit Network ID ke liye hote hai or 64-bit Host Address ke liye hote hai. Ise hexadecimal form mai represent kiya jata hai.
Jab ki Ipv4 ko decimal form mai represent kiya jata hai. IPv6 ko trace karna ya crack karna mushkil mana jata hai. Abhi tak IPv6 ki jarurt hume puri tarah se nahi hui hai.
Kyoki Ipv4 mai 4.3 billion addresses hai. Jinhe abhi kuch salo tak use kiya ja sakta hai. Jab ki IPv6 mai 50 octillion addresses hai. Jinki hume kafi time tak jarurt hi nahi hogi.
The Conclusion
Main ummed karta hu ki apko IP address or iski classes or types ke bare mai ache se pata chal gaya hoga. IP ka use bas yahi tak use nahi hote hai. Inhe provide karne vale or server bhi hai or jinka use yeh karte hai.
Aise Protocolos bhi hai jinke bare mai apko ane vali posts mai bata diya jayga. Agar apka kisi bhi tarah ka Networking mai ya koi bhi question hai tab aap mujhse comment box mai puch sakte hai.
Humari posts sabse pahle padhne ke liye humare blog ko jarur subscribe kare or post achi lage tab share bhi jarur karen
Thankyou
Leave a Reply